Freight Transport
Market share shifts away from US West Coast Ports
A shift in market share among the US ports appears to be occurring. The ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach have been the largest US ports for quite a while, however both of these ports have seen their share of international cargo containers moved decline from 43% in 2010 to 42% in 2011.
Although both ports still control a large share of the movement of total international cargo containers, tonnage is still below pre-recession totals (see Ti Dashboard – US: West Coast Ports). Upgrades in ports and infrastructure and the completion of the Panama Canal may be about to cause a shift towards other ports of call for container shipments.
West Coast competition is on the rise as Canada's Asia-Pacific Gateway, encompassing the Ports of Prince Rupert and Vancouver, is promoting itself as a more efficient and less expensive option than the US West Coast ports. It appears Canada's Gateway is gaining cargo at the expense of US West Coast ports. This has resulted in a request for the US Federal Maritime Commission to study possible diversions into both Canada and Mexico.
To the south is Mexico's Port of Lazaro Cardenas. APM Terminals recently won the rights to build a new deep water container terminal at the port. This could be more of a concern to the Ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach than even the expansion of the Panama Canal. The Mexican port is connected to the US by a branch of the Kansas City Southern Railroad. The railroad company's network runs through Texas, the Gulf Coast and through the heartland of the US to Chicago. Similar to Canada, the port benefits from NAFTA and other tax advantages and may prove to be a formidable competitor to US West Coast ports.
As manufacturing migrates to Southeast Asia, ports in such locations as India and Singapore are noting increases in tonnage. In turn, shippers are shipping from these areas to East Coast destinations, bypassing the traditional US West Coast route. As a result, ports such as New York/New Jersey and Savannah have reported good increases in tonnage in 2011; 5.3% and 3.6% respectively year-on-year through November (see Ti Dashboard – US: East Coast Ports).
This shift to the East Coast may also be the result of improvements and upgrades to ports and infrastructure. As intermodal services have increased, railroad companies, CSX and Norfolk Southern, have built out transportation and logistics corridors to encourage the use of such services. Ports have also responded by investing in upgrades and equipment. These improvements and upgrades may also be attributed to the much discussed expansion of the Panama Canal.
As market share shifts among the US ports, competition will increase. Competition will be a positive move for the ocean freight business as this should encourage innovation, efficiency and lower rates at the ports and surrounding areas. It will also benefit not only ocean vessels, but also trucking and railroad companies as well as logistics providers and freight forwarders.
Content provided in partnership with Transport Intelligence.
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shift to east coast ports from west coast
Couldn't this shift in 2011 also be attributable to lower costs in shipping (relative to multi-modal using trucking/rail/etc from coast to coast) which many retailers would prefer due to the economic slowdown? This might not be relative to a general movement from west coast ports. The Mexican and Canadian port shift though, however, could be a threat to Los Angeles if LA cannot provide space for even larger deep water vessels. Rail delays would balance too much imbalance to either Canada or Mexico because capacity is limited.
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